Ventilator.



DE KERNIA J. T. HIETT.

VBNTILATOR. APiLIGATION FILED JULY 14, 1911.

' 1,073,125. Patented Sept. 16,1913.

LL (Z9 UNITE .IJE KERNIA J. H1ETT,- or onrcaeo, immorsnssrenon o JOHN H; COULTER, or

i onrcneo, ILLINOIS.

VENTILATOR.

To allwhom it may concern: a i

Be it known that I, KERNIA J. T. Hrn'r'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Ventilators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in ventilators, and refers more specifically to an improved ventilator of that type in which the ventilation is induced by drafts of air sweeping across the eductive part of the ventilator, as distinguished from those ventilators which employ movable parts for propellingthe air.

Among the salient objects of the invention are to provide a construction which is available for ventilating both movable and stationary compartments, as for example cars and dwelling houses; to provide a construction which is effective in any position of adjustment, 6., upstanding, horizontally disposed or inverted; to provide a construction which is self-cleaning, z. 6., which :operates in such manner as to avoid indrafts and practically render impossible the entering of dust, dirt or rain; to provide'a construction which is about equally effective regards less of which direction the eduction draft sweeps across the ventilator, thus making the ventilator admirably suited for out of door use where the drafts of outer air are depended upon to produce the eductive ventilation; to provide a construction which may be made'extremel'y compact and therefore fitted into small spaces or adjusted in position where limited clearance is provided; to provide a construction which may be very economically manufactured from any suitable material; to provide a construction which may be made round, square, or of other preferred cross sectional contour and nevertheless remain fully effective; to provide a construction which dispenses with all moving parts and is therefore free from danger of becoming inoperative; to provide a constructionin which the discharge end of the ventilator is (preferably) covered over by a member which serves the double purpose of enhancing the operative efficiency of the ventilator and at the same time protects the latter against injury and entrance of larger missiles; and in'general, to provide an improved construction of the character referred to.

Specification of Letters I atent. Patented Sept, 16, 1913, Application filed July 14, 1911. Serial No. 638,455.

To the above ends the invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and

more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention will be more readily understood from a description thereof in connection with the illustrative drawings showing preferred embodiments. 1 In the drawings- Figure 1 is a cross sectional fragmentary view of the upper parts of an ordinary car, the opposite sides of which are provided with ventilators of two difierent types, each embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a view partially in perspective and partially in section'showing details of the ventilator shown at the right hand side ofFig. 1; Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view of the ventilator shown in Fig. 2; Figs.

4E and 5 are views similar in character to Figs. 2 and 3 but showing details of the ventilator shown'at the left hand-side of' Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawing, and describing first the embodiment of the invention shown at the right of Fig. 1 and in Figs. 2 and 3, 1

designates as a. whole an outer shell or casing,

which, in this embodiment comprises-a cylindrical trunk portion 2 and an outwardly flaring extension portion 3. The trunk communicates with the 'compartmentto be ventilated and the extension is freely exposed to outside currents of air. Leading into the sides of the extension 3 are a plurality of draft passages, designated 4, there being four shown in this instance, and these arranged in quadrangular relation. passage has a freeopen intake end or mouth which is preferably approximately about as long as portlon the axlal length of the extension 3 will, readily permit, and the width of the passage may be varied at will, the intention being to provide a free inlet passage which will admit the air impinging against the side of the ventilator. The sides and the bottom of said passages are closed by walls 6, 6, and v7, respectively; the bot tom or radially inner wall being inclined from the inner end of the inlet opening to a point at or near the center of the outer or delivery end of the ventilator. ,Inasmuch as these passages 4: are arranged in diametrically opposed pairs, it follows that air entering through any given one of these passages will be defiectedupwardly or axially outwardly, as the case may be, depending on the position in which the ventilator is set by the inclined bottom of the receiving passage and will then find a free escape by passing out through the opposed. passage, and in so doing will tend to make a more or less abrupt turn or deflection in its course. In order to insure such abrupt deflection of the air entering one passage and passing out through the opposed passage, I provide a combined bafiieplate and cover 9, which is supported opposite and 7 just opposite the central portion of the ventllator is amatter of reat importance inasmuch as it. is this which brings about-a most effective aspirating or. siphoning action upon the air which is to be exhausted and as will now be explained.

Cllhe interior of the extension part of the shell is in open communication with the conduit formed by the trunk portion 2, ex-

cept in so far as it is occupied by the walls of the passages hereinbefore described.

'lhat is to say, the outer end of the shell of the ventilator is open and unobstructed except as occupied by the partitioned o'fi conduitsi, and the space within the extension is In open communication with the interior of the trunk.

The flow of theouter air 'jthrougli the passagest and between the end ofthefventilator shell and the baiile plate 9 hroduces a strong aspirating effect upon t 1e body of air within the main partof the shell of the ventilator and induces an outfiow from the compartment whichis being ventilatedthrough the ventilator. This as- V pirated air of course, commingles with the currents o air which How in through the passages 4 aswell as that air which sweeps through the open space between the plateuand the end of the shell.

It is to be observed that the outwardly expanded or enlarged form of the extension 3 compensates for the cubical space baflie taken up by the'conduits or passages 4:, so

that the volume of passing outwardly through the trunk is: practically unre= striated in passing through the enlarged exor siphoning effect is not solely due to the tension, notwithstanding the latter-is partly occupied by the condults or passages. It is also to e observed that the aspirating air which flows in through that particular intake passage 4 facing toward the source of air but those intake passages which would appear to lie in a neutral position, 2'. 'e., at

right angles to the current, are also deflected for the reason that the air encm tea 'ing the rounded side of the ventilator is ,de-

flected around the latter and thus more or' less compressed, and upon arriving opposite the then lateral inlets close into the latter eddy-fashion, and thence out through the far sid-eof the ventilator between the end of the latter and the baflleplate. The

effect of these eddy-likeinfiowing currents,

in conjunction. with the directly inflowing tervening discharge passages ateither side of the main inflow passagae'. e1, tllQOIle facing the wind, and it thereby produces much more pronounced aspira'ting effect.

currents to practically surround the ini Moreover, the volume v ofair delivered against the bafilefplate by these several intaking passages produces a very strong or-.

relatively rapid and somewhat compressed outflow ofair at the lee side of the venti-. later which, of course, sweeps over the de livery. passages which communicate with-the main trunk in the leeh'alfof the ventilator. V The combined efiect ist-o produce a ,Very? strong induced outflow from the compartment through the ventilator, and this without any tendency whatever of the outer air to whifii back into the compartment;

through theventilato-r.

Another peculiarity of the construction now being described, -which. undoubtedly somewhat enhances its efliciency is due to its flaring exteriorfwhen mounted to extend at right angles with,'and relatively close to,

a p-lain surface, as for example when mounted injthe side of the upperdeclr of a car,

as illustrated in Fig.1. In such event the i flaring part of the ventilator. overhangs so-;-;: V

to-speak the surroundlng plain surface from "10 5 '1' a vhich it extends, and the plaln surface; acts somewhat int-he manner of a deflector toI.

increase the flow of air into the 'opening or V at the windward side of the venti--Z{ openings lator. u p

I have further found that 't'he'aspira'ting effect of the ventilator is better when the bafiie cover t is perforated more orlless at points directly opposite the delivery ends of the passages 4. As best, shown-in Fig-YQ, I prefer to provide a row of perforations.

l4 opposite each fconduitfd, andsince these conduits lie at. rig-ht'angles to each other the H i perforations will likewise talre the form of two rows CI'QSSHlg. each other at right angles.

In 'theinodificatioi-i shown at-the left: hand;

side of 1.,and in detail in Figs. 4 and j. I -5, the same principle of operation is involved; In this lnstance the ventilator comprises an outer shell, designated as a whole '15, and conslstmg of a reduced trunk port on 2 and larger 'GXtQIlSlOIl 3.

p v "The extension 3' is in 7 this instance rectangular in cross section and; the trunk 2 may or may not be rectangular as preferred, the one shown being -cir'cril'ar in cross section. The intake passages 4: are in general constructed like the corresponding passages l of the previously described ventilator, but in the modification, instead of extending to and practically meeting at the center of the ventilator, these passages are so arranged as to leave a central eduction outlet 10 which Communicates with the main trunk, as do also the four passages 11. located at the four corners of the part 3.

The end of the trunk 2 is extended a short distance inside of the side walls of'the-shell 3, as indicated at 12, Fig. 5, and since the trunk is cylindric and the extension 3 rectangular, inlet passages 13 are formed at these four corners leading from 'the outside into the interior of the ventilator. These inlet passages 13 are thought to contribute somewhat to the uniformity and efficiency of the action of the ventilator but are not regarded as essential. It is to be noted, however, that the larger cross sectional area of the part 3 on the ventilator in this modification as in the previous form compensates for the space occupied by the intake passages 4. The modification now being described is provided with a baflie cover 9, which is shown as roof-shape, 11. 6., made outwardly convex, and because it is so made the marginal portions thereof may be brought somewhat closer to the end margin of the body 3', as shown clearly in Fig. 5. This ventilator is also provided with restricted outlets or perforations 14: opposite each of the several take passages 4. The construction now being described is perhaps better adapted to use in an upright position, since rain, snow and sleet is somewhat more efficiently carried 05 by the convex cover and baffle plate 9. In operation this device has much the same inductive action as that previously described, although its inductive effect fluctuates more as the direction of the wind veers or as the direction of the car changes with'reference to the direction of the wind, if it be mounted upon a car. That is to say,

' owing to the rectangular form of the main body, if the latter have one of its sides squarely facingthe wind, there will be less eddy inflow through the lateral intakes, whereas if the ventilator body happens to be clearing with reference to the direction of the wind, those two intakes which are then on the windward side will be more efficient than in the case of the round body ventilator, and this for obvious reasons. In the modification shown in Figs- L and 5, the aspirating effect of the inflowing currents of air is extremely efficient upon the central eduction passage, since this passage lies directly underneath the angle where the air takes its turn and where the exhausting effect is therefore most pronounced.

It is to be understood that the forms shown are preferred but by no means the only forms in which the invention may be efficiently embodied. I do not therefore limit myself to these details of construction, except in so far as they are made specific elements of the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a ventilator, the combination of a trunk member, a head on said trunk member of greater mean cross-sectional area than said trunk, bottom and side walls extending from the base of said head member and all terminating in the plane of the outer edge of said head member, said bottom and side walls forming air passageways from the sides of said head to the plane of its outer edge, the space between said walls being in communication with said trunk member.

2. In a ventilator, the combination of a trunk member,a head on said trunk member of greater mean cross-sectional area than said trunk, bottom and side walls extending from the base of said head member and all terminating in the plane of the outer edge of said head member, said bottom and side walls forming air passageways from the sides of said head to the plane of its outer edge, the space between said walls being in communication with said trunk member, and a battle member arranged opposite to but spaced away from the ends of said head member and bottom and side passageway walls.

3. In a ventilator, the combination of a trunk member, a head on said trunk member of greater mean cross-sectional area than said trunk, bottom and side walls extending from the base of said head member and all terminating in the plane of the outer edge of said head member, said bottom and side walls forming air passageways from the sides of said head to the plane of its outer edge, the space between said bottom and side walls communicating partly with the interior of said trunk member and partly with atmosphere attheir lower ends.

4. In a ventilator, the combination of a trunk member, a head on said trunk member of greater mean cross-sectional area than said trunk, bottom and side walls extending from the base of said head member and all terminating in the plane of the outer edge of said head, member, said bottom and side walls forming air passageways from the sides of said head to the plane of its outer edge, the space between said bottom and side walls communicating partly with the interior of said trunk member and partly with atmosphere at their lower ends, and a baffle plate spaced a short distance away from the outlets of said passageways.

5. In a ventilator, the combination of a trunk member, a head on said trunk member of greater mean cross-sectional area than said trunk, bottom and side walls extending from the base of said head member and all edge, the spaceabetw een sa'id walls bfiiilg in spaced away from the ends @i Sa d head;

terminating in the plane efdihe OM61 edge and 1391130 and rsidepassageway I (if said head member, said hmttom' Walls forming air passageways :firom he; in regisherivi hihe pa sageway utlets, (sides of said head to the plane of ifis Q -11="c;e17 DE 'E J T TT;

Witnesses: i a V .N- lem i i 3951 communication with said. trunk membe ya d. a bafile member arranged opposite to but washinggtan, 1!. 3

fiqple's or this patent may be nbta'ineql to: five cents eaclghy addressing-the Commissioner-n! iatenu, 3 

